Rotoscope of a horse. Very early anumations, which probably influenced Pixar. History of key defining animations, up to Toy Story.
Inspired Ed Catmull, the President of Pixar, who made a 3D animated model of his own left hand which featured in the first live action film which featured computer animation, Futureworld
Lasseter, I love bringing inanimate objects to life, short film about desk lamps Luxo Jr. nominated for academy award.
Cars inspired by Lasseter’s 1999 road trip. New relationship with Disney.
Steve Jobs: "Pixar is seen as an overnight success but it took a very long time"
The Abyss, ILM, 1989, Digitised faces and morphs. Morphing changes one image into another. Revolutionary.
Terminator 2: Judgement Day, ILM, 1991, Tracking and compositing. Compositing, putting 3D into images. Inferno, Nuke, major companies. Reflective surfaces are important too.
Beauty and the Beast, 1991 Walt Disney Studios. Ballroom sequence in full 3D. Started putting 3D graphics into 2D animations. Nominated for Best film and best graphics.
Jurassic Park, ILM, 1993, Naturalism and crowds. Lots of close up shots are puppets.
Influenced by cartoons, Lasseter was also inspired by The Art of Animation by Bob Thomas. Was fascinated by animation, and how people made a living from it.
Went to California Art College, or CalArts as it's sometimes known. Art college opened by Disney.
Lasseter made friendships with other great animators and directors to be including Brad Bird and Tim Burton.
Taught by the “nine old men” who worked for Disney in the 1930s.
Lasseter worked at Disneyland, was heavily influenced by Disney.
Cal Arts short films, made by Lasseter, Lady and Lamp, and Nightmare, the latter sounding like Monsters Inc. Both short films won awards.
Got dream job at Walt Disney Studios in 1979.
Studios built from money made from Snow White.
First Disney animating job, The Fox and the Hound, where animation was taking a setback.
Desire for Computer animation came from Tron.
Lasseter’s directing debut was The Brave Little Toaster, where he was able to experiment with computer animation.
Budget was questioned, wanted the process to be faster and with less cost. Cut into creativity of animation.
Got fired because he had ideas beyond what Walt Disney Studios were capable of, Disney were loopy, dysfunctional.
1960 Compter Graphics lab in Utah Uni, because of Space Race age. Set up course for animation.
Wanted to make a fully computer animated film, was collective dream, even though this seemed impossible at the time.
Millions of triangles used in computer animated landscapes in movies today.
Lucasfilm hired Lasseter, after convention in California. Art/technology work together. ILM brings character to life. Lucas formed a department dedicated to to computer science. Classed as Rebel Group.
Steve Jobs visited Lucasfilm. Multi Millionaire by 30, from Apple business, invested 10 million dollars in wish to make computer animated film.
An effect in the film Young Sherlock Holmes was nominated for an award, as no one knew how the animation was done.
Lucasfilm computer division split and then became Pixar. George Lucas wasn't too interested in their work.
Steve Jobs provided funding for Pixar, invested $5,000,000 to start Pixar.
Alvy Ray Smith co founder of Pixar.
An effect in the film Young Sherlock Holmes was nominated for an award, as no one knew how the animation was done.
Lucasfilm computer division split and then became Pixar. George Lucas wasn't too interested in their work.
Steve Jobs provided funding for Pixar, invested $5,000,000 to start Pixar.
Alvy Ray Smith co founder of Pixar.
Lasseter, I love bringing inanimate objects to life, short film about desk lamps Luxo Jr. nominated for academy award.
Logo, symbolizes optimism and determination.
Worked very hard.
Software slow, won Oscar for best short film. in 1989 for Tin Toy. Was the first Oscar won for a computer animated film
Managed to hire lots more people (graduates) to work on smaller project. There was even a guy who never used computer before who was hired (Andrew Stanton).
However, money was being lost and there was no guarantee of the future of Pixar. Steve Jobs was understanding but he knew that something had to be done.
However, money was being lost and there was no guarantee of the future of Pixar. Steve Jobs was understanding but he knew that something had to be done.
Pixar won Oscar in 2000 for CAPS computer software, which linked drawings to the computer, making it easier to animate using computers. However, this software very expensive, more expensive than they could cope with. Steve Jobs forgiving investor.
Disney allowed Pixar, Lasseter, to make Toy Story, a full length feature.
Spirit, optimism, imagination. Idea telling story from toy’s point of view. Pixar wanted it to be different to Disney's fairy tales, where there's usually songs and love stories. Wanted Tom Hanks to voice Woody. One of Tom Hanks' first questions when working on Toy Story was "You don't want me to sing, do you?" Or words to that effect.
Wanted to make the film snappy, appealing to a wider audience (adults), but not too long.
Conflict with Disney, had to rewrite Toy Story. worked nonstop for 3 weeks, but their work paid off, and things improved.
Tim Allen voiced Buzz Lightyear. Originally wanted Billy Crystal for Buzz Lightyear, but declined. He regretted it, but voiced Mike Wazowski in another Pixar hit Monsters Inc.
Initial sketches made it difficult to see the end result and if it could be possible and if it could be well received.
1995 was the year Toy Story opened to the public. Brought $350,000,000 income. However, most of the profits went to Disney. Turned everything around and Lasseter won award for producing first feature length film.
Pixar decided to go private. New deal with disney made profits go 50/50.
Wanted to make the film snappy, appealing to a wider audience (adults), but not too long.
Conflict with Disney, had to rewrite Toy Story. worked nonstop for 3 weeks, but their work paid off, and things improved.
Tim Allen voiced Buzz Lightyear. Originally wanted Billy Crystal for Buzz Lightyear, but declined. He regretted it, but voiced Mike Wazowski in another Pixar hit Monsters Inc.
Initial sketches made it difficult to see the end result and if it could be possible and if it could be well received.
1995 was the year Toy Story opened to the public. Brought $350,000,000 income. However, most of the profits went to Disney. Turned everything around and Lasseter won award for producing first feature length film.
Pixar decided to go private. New deal with disney made profits go 50/50.
NO FAIRYTALES! NO CAPES! Man pulling funny face while boarding plane.
Characters had no character, initial ideas not well received by critics, rewrited script, produced something more personal,
Army men scene, first animated scene.
After critical success of Toy Story, majority of product profits went to Disney, problem for Pixar. Steve Jobs wanted to make Pixar a studio instead of just a company.
Pixar studio, place to mess around. Technically imperfect, but fun, had heart and character. Sounded a cool place.
With profits going to Disney after Toy Story’s success, Pixar then had to make a ublic offering and become an actual studio.
Concerned about what to do after Toy Story, pressure to make it as successful as Toy Story.
Used “bug cam” on Lego wheels to make A Bug’s Life surroundings
First computer animated widescreen films.
Seemed to relish idea of doing something difficult.
Seeing clips from A Bug’s Life just reminds me of how simple my childhood was. Toy Story 2 is next, another film from my childhood.
Transformed 50 shots into 431, Pixar got through second film syndrome.
Toy Story 2 not originally supervised by Lasseter, however wasn’t very good, despite Disney’s feedback saying otherwise, so Lasseter had to work on it, and scrap most of the film, just 9 months before release. Originally wanted to be direct to video, but instead Disney released it in cinema.
Wanted to portray real feelings with audience. Wanted to make it feel like they could relate to it. Managed to bring this feeling through the Emotional ballad, "when she loved me."
Pivotal moment in Pixar, biggest sense of accomplishment.
Steve Jobs built a Pixar Studio in 20 acres in California. However process of Toy Story 2 was very tough, and took people about a year to recover from it.
Wanted to release one film every year. Meant people could direct their own films.
Docter directed Monsters Inc. Never directed anything before. Very complex film.
MIKE WAZOWSKI!
Higest grossing animated film to date.
Sued Pixar for copying book
In direct competition with Dreamworks
Andrew Stanton, director of Finding Nemo. Inspired by marine world visit 10 years before, as well as his life. Premature baby = Nemo.
Higest grossing animated film to this date, but now higher expectations.
Early morning meetings were held to discuss yesterday's work, and how they could go from there.
Had competition from Dreamworks. Antz set to be released after A Bug's Life, but ended up being released before. Breakthrough in Shrek, which won awards from Monsters. Inc. gave competition to Pixar.
Early morning meetings were held to discuss yesterday's work, and how they could go from there.
Had competition from Dreamworks. Antz set to be released after A Bug's Life, but ended up being released before. Breakthrough in Shrek, which won awards from Monsters. Inc. gave competition to Pixar.
Brad Bird worked on Incredibles, sixth hit in a row. Had lots of hard things to do in 3D animation.
People think CGI is the way forward, and 2D hand drawn animations were running thin. 2D felt irrelevant. Made people lose jobs.
Disney planned to make direct to video Pixar sequels, so ended partnership.
Pixar had more “right people” than any other company
CEO saw Disney parade only had pre 90’s Disney characters with only Pixar Characters.
Ed Catmull President of Pixar.
Steve Jobs: "Pixar is seen as an overnight success but it took a very long time"
Snow White first feature length Disney Film. First full
length colour animation.
Crazy Males aka Mad Men Post War Posperity.
Tron. First time 3D used in film. Was possible due to computer animation being invented. Related to Disney, as it inspired Lasseter to make a feature length 3D film, later to be Toy Story.
Virtual Reality sort of failed, and was created for military
2009 was a flop. Didn't really work, due to equipment needed but may come back
AR Augmented Reality - could be a fresh alternative for things such as Sat Navs. Use of glasses which allows you to watch films from these glasses. used for the 3DS Camera and several smartphones.
Key Milestones in 3D from memory;
Toy Story. First full feature length animated film entirely in 3D
Super Mario 64: First 3D Mario game
Avatar: Best selling film
Lonely Red Unicycle
Tin Toy. Pixar short movie
That Pixar short film with that Bee and the thing with huge eyes. Pixar short movie
Luxo Jr. First Pixar animation, won Sigraph award.
Shrek. Most famous 3D animated movie from Dreamworks.
Ice Age Most famous 3D animated movie from Blue Sky.
Hand in Star Trek, Wrath of Khan and Futureworld.
Temple Run iPhone app
Crash Bandicoot iconic Playstation game
Spyro iconic Playstation game
Madagascar
Tron One of the first films to feature 3D
Lord of the Rings
Steve Jobs investing in Pixar, thus creating the company, and negotiated with Disney to create studios.
Abyss. First attempt at a 3D character in a film.
PowerPoint: CGI Film Milestones.
Tron. MAGI, Triple I, 15 minutes of CGI. One of the first films to feature 3D. Influenced John Lasseter, Pixar. Has live action and graphics drawn on people.
Star Trek 2, ILM, 1982, Fractal Graphics. Simulation in the film, so like cast is watching the background as a film.
Fractal Graphics: Self designed. Looks like 3D but it is not. Simulation makes you feel part of the scene.
The Last Starfighter, Digital Productions, 1984, 27 minutes. Full 3D
Young Sherlock Holmes, ILM, 1985, Laser scanner system. Scan real objects to attempt to make them in 3D.
The Abyss, ILM, 1989, Digitised faces and morphs. Morphing changes one image into another. Revolutionary.
Terminator 2: Judgement Day, ILM, 1991, Tracking and compositing. Compositing, putting 3D into images. Inferno, Nuke, major companies. Reflective surfaces are important too.
Beauty and the Beast, 1991 Walt Disney Studios. Ballroom sequence in full 3D. Started putting 3D graphics into 2D animations. Nominated for Best film and best graphics.
Alien 3, Boss film, 1992, CG Shadows. In previous films, puppets were used. In this film, 3D aliens could be created. Realistic shadows.
The Lawnmower Man, Angel Studios, 1992, VR Setting. Virtual Reality setting. Not real, but seemingly real. Arcade machines with massive headsets, which created the world around you. Could touch things.
Jurassic Park, ILM, 1993, Naturalism and crowds. Lots of close up shots are puppets.
Lion King, 1994 Crowd scenes. Different animations in the crowd.
Toy Story, Pixar, 1995, First full 3D Feature Film.
Titanic, Digital Domain, 1997, motion capture. Not everyone in the scenes were there. Duplications were used. ILM paid a small contribution to this film too.
The Iron Giant, Warner Bros, 1999, cel shading. Directed by Brad Bird, who also directed Pixar films The Incredibles and Ratatouille. Also worked on the Simpsons.
The Phantom Menace, ILM, 1999, Crowds and 2000 CGI shots. Jar Jar Binks is first ever fully 3D character in a non 3D film.
The Matrix, Manex, 1999, Bullet Time. According to 3D World, the most significant 3D history of all time. Timing was spot on, perfect. Based on philosophy, fear of machines, end of the century.
GLADIATOR! 2000, Mill Film, Crowd composit. Built ¼ of arena, then duplicated it. Mill based on UK, do Honda adverts, Gladiator was Mill's biggest success.
Monsters Inc. Pixar 2001 realistic Hair and Fur, made using Renderman software. KITTY! MIKE WAZOWSKI! Sulley = Renderman.
Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, Square USA, 2001, motion capture, green screen/ping pong balls. imperfect 3D/Animations. Uncanny Valley effect used, which is when you can see something, but isn't really there. Also used in films such as the Polar Express.
LOTR; The Two Towers, Weta, 2002, Subsurface scattering. Uses the shader texture type which goes on skin, to make translucent quality. Scatters light with skin.
Finding Nemo, 2003, Pixar, Particle effects and caustics. Caustics is how light acts with transparent objects, such as water and glass.
Particle effects are used for things such as smoke, air bubbles and water.
Caustics are how light reacts with water or glass.
Particle effects are used for things such as smoke, air bubbles and water.
Caustics are how light reacts with water or glass.
The Polar Express, Sony, 2004, Facial/Motion capture, Uses real facial expressions.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, 2005, Rhythm and Hues.
Madagascar, 2005, Dreamworks, Squash and Stretch.
King Kong, Weta, 2005, Fur and facial sim (motion capture)
Sin City, CafeFX, 2005, Stylised 3D Backdrops, taken artistic style and applied it to 3D. This is where 3D is starting to mature, and become recognised as an art form.
Pirates of the Caribbean 2, ILM, 2006, Advanced level Motion Capture. Used for Davy Jones.
Ratatouille, 2007, Pixar, Hair, fluid and fur. Went crazy with fluids.
Avatar, 2009, ILM, 3D Stereoscope, uses 3D glasses. Lots of studios worked on this film.
Tron Legacy, Disney Studios, 2011. Re-use actor. Died during making of film. Uses Young Jeff Bridges to act alongside old Jeff Bridges.
Films such as Lord of the Rings and Life of Pi aren't fully realistic. used 3D graphics for animals and scenery.
The Perfect Storm used a fluid application in Maya to create a sea scene.
Shrek gave Pixar some competition, won awards from Monsters Inc.
Dreamwork's Antz, was due to be released after A Bug's Life, but released before. Made Dreamworks distant from other animation companies, other companies didn't trust them as much. before, the animation companies were closer and more united.
FILMS MENTIONED IN INDUSTRIAL LIGHT AND MAGIC: THE ART OF INNOVATION by Pamela Glintenkamp. Most used 3D and visual effects of some sort, and always tried to enhance the technology used to make the films.
Star Wars: A New Hope
Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back.
Dragon Slayer (1981)
Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
E.T. The Extra Terrestrial (1982)
Poltergeist (1982)
Star Trek 2: Wrath of Khan (1982)
Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (1983)
Indiana Jones: Temple of Doom (1984)
The Ewok Adventure (1984)
Young Sherlock Holmes (1985)
Cocoon (1985)
Back to the Future (1985)
Ewoks: the Battle for Endor (1985)
Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985)
Out of Africa (1985)
Amazing Stories (1985)
Labyrinth (1986)
Howard the Duck (1986)
Captain EO (1986)
Star Trek 4: The Voyage Home (1986)
The Golden Child (1986)
Star Tours (1987)
Innerspace (1987)
The Witches of Eastwick (1987)
Willow (1988)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
The Abyss (1989)
Ghostbusters 2 (1989)
Back to the Future Part 2 (1989)
Die Hard 2: Die Harder (1990)
Backdraft (1991)
Hook (1991)
Terminator 2: Judgement Day (1991)
The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992)
Death Becomes Her (1992)
Memoirs of an Invisible Man (1992)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Schnidler's List (1993)
Radioland Murders (1994)
Baby's Day Out (1994)
Forrest Gump (1994)
The Hudsucker Proxy (1994)
The Mask (1994)
Casper (1995)
Jumanji (1995)
Twister (1996)
DragonHeart (1996)
Mars Attacks (1996)
Star Wars Trilogy: Special Edition (1997)
The Lost World: (Jurassic Park 1997)
Men In Black (1997)
Titanic (1997)
Deep Impact (1998)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
The Mummy (1999)
Galaxy Quest (1999)
Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace (1999)
The Perfect Storm (2000)
The Mummy Returns (2001)
Pearl Harbour (2001)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
Star Wars Episode 2: Attack of the Clones (2002)
Minority Report (2002)
Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2002)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)
The Day After Tomorrow (2004)
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004)
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004)
Star Wars Episode 3: Revenge of the Sith (2005)
War of the Worlds (2005)
Jarhead (2005)
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005)
Mission Impossible 3 (2006)
Poseidon (2006)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)
Transformers (2007
Iron Man (2008)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
Terminator Salvation (2009)
Star Trek (2009)
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009)
Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince (2009)
Avatar (2009)
Iron Man 2 (2010)
Rango (2011)
References:
Pamela Glintenkamp, 2011. Industrial Light & Magic: The Art of Innovation. Edition. Abrams.
Films such as Lord of the Rings and Life of Pi aren't fully realistic. used 3D graphics for animals and scenery.
The Perfect Storm used a fluid application in Maya to create a sea scene.
Shrek gave Pixar some competition, won awards from Monsters Inc.
Dreamwork's Antz, was due to be released after A Bug's Life, but released before. Made Dreamworks distant from other animation companies, other companies didn't trust them as much. before, the animation companies were closer and more united.
FILMS MENTIONED IN INDUSTRIAL LIGHT AND MAGIC: THE ART OF INNOVATION by Pamela Glintenkamp. Most used 3D and visual effects of some sort, and always tried to enhance the technology used to make the films.
Star Wars: A New Hope
Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back.
Dragon Slayer (1981)
Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
E.T. The Extra Terrestrial (1982)
Poltergeist (1982)
Star Trek 2: Wrath of Khan (1982)
Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (1983)
Indiana Jones: Temple of Doom (1984)
The Ewok Adventure (1984)
Young Sherlock Holmes (1985)
Cocoon (1985)
Back to the Future (1985)
Ewoks: the Battle for Endor (1985)
Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985)
Out of Africa (1985)
Amazing Stories (1985)
Labyrinth (1986)
Howard the Duck (1986)
Captain EO (1986)
Star Trek 4: The Voyage Home (1986)
The Golden Child (1986)
Star Tours (1987)
Innerspace (1987)
The Witches of Eastwick (1987)
Willow (1988)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
The Abyss (1989)
Ghostbusters 2 (1989)
Back to the Future Part 2 (1989)
Die Hard 2: Die Harder (1990)
Backdraft (1991)
Hook (1991)
Terminator 2: Judgement Day (1991)
The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992)
Death Becomes Her (1992)
Memoirs of an Invisible Man (1992)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Schnidler's List (1993)
Radioland Murders (1994)
Baby's Day Out (1994)
Forrest Gump (1994)
The Hudsucker Proxy (1994)
The Mask (1994)
Casper (1995)
Jumanji (1995)
Twister (1996)
DragonHeart (1996)
Mars Attacks (1996)
Star Wars Trilogy: Special Edition (1997)
The Lost World: (Jurassic Park 1997)
Men In Black (1997)
Titanic (1997)
Deep Impact (1998)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
The Mummy (1999)
Galaxy Quest (1999)
Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace (1999)
The Perfect Storm (2000)
The Mummy Returns (2001)
Pearl Harbour (2001)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
Star Wars Episode 2: Attack of the Clones (2002)
Minority Report (2002)
Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2002)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)
The Day After Tomorrow (2004)
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004)
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004)
Star Wars Episode 3: Revenge of the Sith (2005)
War of the Worlds (2005)
Jarhead (2005)
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005)
Mission Impossible 3 (2006)
Poseidon (2006)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)
Transformers (2007
Iron Man (2008)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
Terminator Salvation (2009)
Star Trek (2009)
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009)
Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince (2009)
Avatar (2009)
Iron Man 2 (2010)
Rango (2011)
References:
Pamela Glintenkamp, 2011. Industrial Light & Magic: The Art of Innovation. Edition. Abrams.
Paik, K. (2007) To Infinity and Beyond! The story of Pixar
Animation. First Edition. Virgin Books.
David A. Price, 2009. The Pixar Touch
(Vintage). Edition. Vintage.
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